Which objective of epidemiology involves identifying the causes of disease and risk factors?

The objective of epidemiology that involves identifying the causes of disease and risk factors is focused on understanding the underlying factors that contribute to the onset and spread of health issues within populations. This is central to epidemiological research because it enables public health officials, researchers, and healthcare providers to pinpoint what increases the risk of a disease, which can include a wide range of biological, environmental, behavioral, and social determinants.

By identifying these causes and risk factors, epidemiologists can design interventions aimed at reducing or preventing the occurrence of diseases. This also allows for the development of targeted public health policies and strategies that can help mitigate the effect of these risk factors on the population. As a result, the identification of causes is a foundational element of epidemiological practice, informing both preventive measures and responsive healthcare actions.

In contrast, the other objectives mentioned, such as evaluating healthcare delivery or determining public health funding, focus on different aspects of public health and do not directly relate to uncovering the causes or risk factors for diseases. Establishing historical records of diseases also serves a different purpose, primarily for understanding trends and patterns over time rather than identifying specific causes.