Which condition involves inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney, along with symptoms such as nausea and vomiting?

Pyelonephritis is the correct answer because it is characterized by inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney, typically due to a bacterial infection. The condition often presents with systemic symptoms, which include fever, chills, and gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea and vomiting. These symptoms occur as the body responds to the infection and the inflammatory process affects not just the urinary system, but can also lead to overall malaise and discomfort.

Nephrolithiasis, while it can cause significant pain and may lead to nausea and vomiting due to obstruction, is primarily related to the presence of kidney stones rather than the inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney itself. Acute glomerulonephritis involves inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidney, usually presenting with different sets of symptoms, primarily related to changes in urine output and characteristics rather than the broader systemic symptoms like those seen in pyelonephritis. Cystitis, on the other hand, is inflammation of the bladder, typically resulting in urinary symptoms such as frequency, urgency, and dysuria, but it does not typically present with the systemic symptoms associated with kidney inflammation.