What usually characterizes dementia?

Dementia is primarily characterized by a decline in mental abilities, including memory, thinking, and communication skills that interfere with daily life. This progressive deterioration affects cognitive function and often begins subtly, gradually becoming more noticeable over time. Individuals may experience difficulties in remembering recent events, recognizing familiar people, or performing everyday tasks.

Some forms of dementia also involve changes in behavior and personality, but the core feature remains the decline in cognitive functions. While mood swings and hallucinations can occur in some cases of dementia, they are not defining characteristics of the condition itself. Instead, the hallmark of dementia is the persistent cognitive decline affecting memory and other mental abilities.