What is the primary characteristic of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

The primary characteristic of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is swelling of lung tissue and fluid accumulation. This condition results from a variety of factors, including trauma, pneumonia, sepsis, or inhalation injuries, which lead to inflammation and increased permeability of the alveolar-capillary membrane. As a result, fluid leaks into the alveoli, causing pulmonary edema and impairing gas exchange, which can lead to severe hypoxemia and respiratory failure. The presence of this fluid and swelling distinguishes ARDS from other respiratory conditions, making it a critical aspect of diagnosis and management in clinical settings. Understanding this characteristic is essential for appropriate intervention and treatment strategies to restore effective breathing and ensure adequate oxygenation.