Cells become specialized through which of the following processes?

Cells become specialized through a process known as differentiation, which involves changes that allow them to perform specific functions. Movement and conductivity, as mentioned in the chosen answer, refer to the capabilities of certain specialized cells, like muscle cells and neurons, to respond and adapt to various stimuli. Muscle cells exhibit movement, while neurons demonstrate conductivity in transmitting signals. This specialization is essential for the functioning of tissues and organs within multicellular organisms, allowing for a division of labor among different cell types.

The other options do not address the biological processes involved in cell specialization. Standardized testing, observation, replication, and statistical analysis refer to methodologies in educational assessment, scientific inquiry, or data analysis, rather than the mechanisms of cellular differentiation. Recognition of these processes is crucial for understanding how diverse cellular functions are achieved in living systems.